County Court Judgement Process - What to Expect & What to Do

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Are you worried about a County Court Judgement (CCJ) process? Perhaps you’re stressed about a bailiff coming to your home or taking your things.

We understand your concerns and are here to help. Each month, over 170,000 people visit our website for guidance on debt solutions.

In this guide, we’ll answer questions about the CCJ process, such as:

What is a County Court Judgement?
How does the CCJ process work?
Can you get a warning before a CCJ?
How to stop a CCJ from happening?

Citizens Advice estimate households have around £18.9 billion in unpaid bills like council tax and utilities¹. So it’s quite common to feel concerned about debt.

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What is a County Court Judgement (CCJ)?

A CCJ is a court order in England, Wales and Northern Ireland used to make someone pay a debt.

It’s part of a legal action in the UK.

If you don’t pay or refuse to pay the money owed, the other person or company (the creditor) could force you to pay by getting a court to issue you with a County Court Judgement (CCJ).

But the claimant must follow a strict County Court Judgement process to make a debtor legally obligated to pay.

How does a County Court Judgement work?

When a County Court Judgment is served, the judge will tell the debtor to pay. It’s part of an enforcement order to get you to pay.

They do so by issuing a:

Judgement forthwith – this is when the debtor must pay the full amount on one payment
Judgement by instalments – this is when the debtor pays off the debt over multiple repayments based on affordability

If you receive a judgment by instalments but believe the repayments are too high, you can request a judge take another look.

This is called a redetermination.

You must satisfy the judgment, or the claimant could take further action, which I discuss towards the end of this guide.

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How to respond to a CCJ claim

You can always get help and support responding to a CCJ claim against you by speaking with debt charities or Citizens Advice.

An adviser has the necessary experience to explain the various court procedures a case entails.

The three possible responses are:

Agree you owe the money and provide the court with your financial situation so they can order you to repay without causing hardship

Filing a defence if you disagree you owe the money

Submit an acknowledgement of service if you wish to fight the claim but need more time to prepare.

» TAKE ACTION NOW: Fill out the short debt form

The importance of legal advice

I suggest you seek legal advice if you’re worried or stressed out about receiving a CCJ claim form.

Plus, an adviser will help you fill out the claim form correctly.

You can contact any not-for-profit organisation for legal advice when dealing with a County Court Judgement claim form.

Do you get a warning before a CCJ?

Yes, before a creditor can attempt to get a CCJ forcing you to pay a debt you will receive prior warnings.

They must send you the following:

A letter of claim, and then
A default notice

If no resolution is found after these communications, the claimant can apply for a CCJ, and you’ll subsequently receive a claim pack from the court.

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How to prevent getting a CCJ

You can file a defence against money the court claims, and if successful, you won’t get a County Court Judgement recorded against you.

However, you will get a CCJ if the court finds you are liable for some of the debt but not all of it.

How long do you get to reply to a CCJ claim?

You have 14 days to reply to a CCJ claim unless you get approved for an extension. If you don’t respond in time or don’t respond at all, the court will issue a default judgment against you.

The default judgement will tell you to pay the full amount owed in one payment or through instalments.

As you haven’t replied to the CCJ claim, the court won’t have information regarding your personal finances and, therefore, may tell you to pay in unaffordable repayments.

How long does a CCJ take to process?

Once you reply to the CCJ claim form, the court will usually decide within a couple of days to a couple of weeks.

The timeframe is subject to change and could depend on the complexity of the case.

But before it gets to this, there must be 30 days between the creditor sending a letter of claim and a default notice.

Moreover, a CCJ claim might not be initiated until 14 days after the default notice, and you get 14 days to reply to the CCJ claim pack.

Thus, the CCJ process can take more than two months, including the pre-debt protocol.

Costs Associated with the CCJ Process

A court fee must be paid when a claim is made. The cost depends on the value of a claim plus interest.

I’ve listed the fees due on known amounts in the table below.

Claim amount	Court fees
Up to £300	£35
£300.01 to £500	£50
£500.01 to £1,000	£70
£1,000.01 to £1,500	£80
£1,500.01 to £3,000	£115
£3,000.01 to £5,000	£205
£5,000.01 to £10,000	£455
£10,000.01 to £200,000	5% of claim
More than £200,000	£10,000

What is setting aside a CCJ?

If the creditor applying for a CCJ didn’t follow the correct process, you can respond to the CCJ claim by asking for it to be set aside, which means having it cancelled.

But it doesn’t mean the debt is written off.

It just puts everyone back to square one and gives the debtor another chance to deal with it correctly before legal action.

How to get a CCJ set aside

To get a CCJ set aside because the wrong process was followed, you need to reply to the CCJ claim pack by completing and returning N244 Form.

You will need a good reason and you’ll have to pay a fee.

On top of the mistake by the claimant during the process, there should be some degree of argument against the debt as well, such as it being the wrong amount.

There’s a good chance that you’ll need to attend a court hearing to get the CCJ set aside.

How much does a CCJ affect your credit score?

A CCJ could negatively impact your credit score by as much as 250 points.

That said, a missed payment on a debt or bill could impact your score by 80 points.

But by far, the worse is a default which could impact your credit score by 350 points which in turn negatively impacts your credit report.

How serious is a County Court Judgement?

A County Court Judgement is serious and needs to be dealt with.

The legal ramifications should not be overlooked.

If you don’t pay the debt as expected after the CCJ has been issued, the claimant can go back to the court and request permission to enforce the debt by various means.

The court might give the claimant permission to collect the debt by:

Using bailiffs – the bailiff (enforcement officer) will follow a strict process to collect the money owed by coming to the debtor’s home and possibly by seizing their goods to be sold at an auction. Bailiffs charge expensive fees for their work which get added to the total owed.

Attachment of Earnings – this is an order for the debtor’s employer to send some of the debtor’s salary to the court, which will then be passed on to the claimant. It can also be used to take some benefit payments.

Charging Order – this is a charge placed on property owned by the debtor, which forces them to pay off the debt before being able to sell the property. Sometimes the claimant can even force the sale of the property to collect the money owed.

Your Rights With Bailiffs

If you’re dealing with bailiffs, it’s crucial to understand your rights. This way, you’ll prevent unfair treatment and other unpleasant situations.

I’ve put together this table that explains what bailiffs can and can’t do. For more information, be sure to read our detailed guide.

Bailiffs Can	But They Can’t
Call and visit your home multiple times, any day of the week.	Visit your workplace (if you are not self-employed)
Take items from your home. These items have to be considered ‘luxury’.	Take essential items from your home. This includes beds, clothing, and work equipment.
Use ANPR technology and DVLA information to locate your car and take it.	Enter your home without permission unless they have a warrant to force entry for a CCJ.
Peacefully enter your property.	Harass or threaten you.
Issue notices to those who owe a debt.	Take items that belong to someone else. However, they may be able to seize jointly owned property.
Offer to conduct a Virtual Controlled Goods Agreement (rather than in-person). This will typically be offered to vulnerable people.	Sell goods they have seized at auction until seven clear days have passed.

Our financial expert, Janine Marsh, advises on letting a bailiff into your home: ‘It’s crucial you check who they are before you open your door. Ask for their certificate through the letterbox or a window.’